Ireland's targets to reduce air pollution

Air pollution occurs when gases and chemicals like carbon dioxide are released into the air. This happens when fossil fuels, such as coal, are burnt. Air pollution is a major health risk and can cause heart disease and lung cancer. It damages the environment and is a cause of climate change.

Ireland has committed to reducing air emissions in national, EU and international agreements. These agreements contain targets that Ireland aims to meet, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 51% by 2030. Ireland’s current plan to reduce air pollution is set-out in the Climate Action Plan 2021 that is updated annually.

You can read more about climate action in the Climate Jargon Buster, which explains complex ideas and terms about climate action and air pollution.

If the air is polluted in your area, you can report this to your local authority or make a complaint about air pollution.

Climate action legislation

Ireland is committed to:

• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 51% by 2030
• Achieving a climate neutral economy by 2050, this is known as the ‘national climate objective’

A climate neutral economy is an economy with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. Net-zero emissions means the amount of emissions produced equals the emissions removed from the atmosphere. This is also known as ‘carbon neutrality’.

These targets are set-out in the Climate Action and Low Carbon (Amendment) Act 2021. For more information on the Act, read these FAQs (pdf).

In 2023, the government introduced a new plan to reduce air pollution. The plan outlines what the government will do to improve air quality in their policies. This plan is called the Clean Air Strategy.

Ireland's climate action plan

Ireland’s latest national air pollution targets are also outlined in the Climate Action Plan 2021 (pdf) which is updated annually. The plan contains strategies to reduce emissions in areas such as:

• Electricity
• Business
• Homes and buildings
• Transport
• Agriculture
• The public sector

The plan complements Ireland’s international and EU air pollution commitments.

Ireland's Air Quality Standards Regulation

The Air Quality Standards Regulations also set the EU Cleaner Air for Europe (CAFE) directive into Irish law. They outline the limits for certain pollutants in the air.

Actions in the Climate Action Plan

The Climate Action Plan 2021 sets out the actions we need to take to reach the targets in this plan. They include:

• Generating 80% of electricity from renewable sources like solar and wind power
• Increasing the number of electric vehicles (EVs) to around 1 million by 2030, including 1,500 electric buses
• Increasing the proportion of energy that comes from renewable sources for heating homes and businesses
• Reducing emissions from the public sector by 51% by 2030 with Green Teams in every public body
• Increasing land that is farmed organically to 450,000 hectares
• Reducing the use of chemical nitrogen fertiliser to 300,000 tonnes per year
• Reducing food waste by 50% by 2030

The Climate Action Plan is updated annually.

Carbon budgets

A carbon budget is the total amount of greenhouse gases allowed to release over a specific period. It includes the whole economy, except aviation and shipping. Ireland’s carbon budget keeps the country on track to reach its climate goals. Ireland’s current carbon budget has been in place from 2021 and will change in 2026. Details for the proposed carbon budget for 2031 - 2040 are available on the Climate Change Advisory Council website.

You can read an update on how Ireland is meeting the climate action targets in the progress reports that are published every quarter.

Monitoring air quality

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitors air quality and takes actions to reduce air pollution. They provide real-time information on air quality to ensure that the level of harmful pollutants in the atmosphere remain within legal limits.

The EU Innovation Fund

The EU Innovation Fund provides funding for large and small scale projects that use innovative low-carbon technology that leads to a significant reduction in emissions.

The Fund supports projects in the following areas:

• Energy intensive industries
• Renewable energy
• Energy storage
• Carbon capture, use and storage

Business supports

There are training, mentoring and financial supports available if you are trying to reduce your businesses emissions. They include the Green Transition Fund and EXEED grant scheme. Find out more in our page, Supports for businesses going green.

Ireland is signed up to a number of EU directives to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.

Emissions Trading Scheme

This includes the Emissions Trading Scheme, which applies to power stations, industrial plants, maritime transport and airlines that operate in the EU.

The scheme works on the ‘cap and trade’ system. A limit is set for the amount of greenhouse gases that can be emitted by sectors covered by the scheme. Over time, this cap is reduced, which means overall emissions fall. Businesses can trade or buy emission allowances. But, if a business emits more than their cap and doesn’t trade or buy an equivalent allowance, they will be fined.

The energy, industry and transport sectors covered by the scheme must reduce their emissions by 62% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.

Effort Sharing Regulation

The Effort Sharing Regulation binds member states, including Ireland, to national targets which will result in a 40% reduction in emissions by 2030. It covers sectors such as transport, buildings, agriculture and waste.

EU National Emissions Ceilings Directive

The EU’s National Emission Ceilings Directive sets out emission-reduction commitments for 2030 for specific air pollutants including nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide and ammonia.

Cleaner Air for Europe (CAFE)

The Cleaner Air for Europe (CAFE) directive also sets limits for harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, lead and benzene.

Ireland is a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which supports a global response to climate change. The convention has 195 members and is the parent treaty of the Paris Agreement.

The Paris Agreement

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding, global agreement on tackling climate change. It has been adopted by 195 countries since 2015.

The agreement sets out a long-term goal to limit climate change by restricting global warming to below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, compared to pre-industrial levels.

Ireland contributes to the agreement through climate action plans submitted by the European Union on behalf of member states. These plans, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), outline the strategies and targets a country is taking to tackle climate change.

The EU’s NDC commits to a 55% reduction in EU-wide emissions by 2030 compared to 1990.